Canine front limb amputation can be a challenging experience for both pet owners and their doggos. However, with the right knowledge and support, a three-legged dog can lead a happy, active life.
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In this guide, we'll explore some rehabilitation options, lifestyle adjustments, and practical tips to aid and assist your resilient three-legged doggo.

Rehabilitation Options
Physiotherapy
Engaging in physiotherapy is crucial for a dog's successful recovery post-amputation.  Some postural adaptations are considered normal, such as the remainder front limb taking up residency more toward the middle of the body,  and other movement patterns that are considered compensatory and need addressing. Sessions that focus on targeted exercises can help improve strength, flexibility, and balance. It is advisable to seek the guidance of a canine rehabilitation specialist or physiotherapist to evaluate the aforementioned adaptations and develop a customised program that caters to the needs of your canine.

Assistive Devices
Explore the use of assistive devices such as orthopaedic braces or custom prosthetics designed specifically for front limb amputees. These devices aid in mobility, providing support and reducing strain on the remaining limbs.
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Hydrotherapy
Water-based exercises can be highly beneficial for amputee dogs, however, the underwater treadmill is generally not recommended for front-limb amputees.  Other hydrotherapy options such as swimming are better suited and can promote muscle strength without putting excessive pressure on joints. Consulting with a friendly canine physiotherapist or hydrotherapist first will help

Lifestyle Adjustments
Modified Environment
Make your home more accessible by removing obstacles and creating a safe space for your three-legged friend. Ramps and non-slip surfaces can help your dog navigate more comfortably.

Weight Management
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for an amputee dog's overall well-being. Use the body condition scale to determine if your dog sits within a healthy weight range and adjust snacks and treats accordingly.

Mental Stimulation
Enrich your dog's life with mental stimulation through interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and engaging activities. Keeping their mind active contributes to a happy and well-adjusted canine companion.

Emotional Support and Monitoring
Patience and Encouragement
Be patient and supportive during your dog's adjustment period. Encourage their efforts and celebrate small victories. Positive reinforcement helps build confidence and strengthens the bond between you and your furry friend.

As a canine physiotherapist, I see many injuries and pathologies in dogs ranging from spinal disease to hip dysplasia to ACL injuries. One injury that tends to alarm doggo owners more so than others is a condition called carpal hyperextension. 
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What is Carpal Hyperextension?
Carpal hyperextension, also known as "dropped wrist" or "down pastern," is a condition that affects a dog's front legs. This occurs when the carpus, which is the equivalent of the human wrist in dogs, extends beyond its normal range, causing instability and discomfort. In simple terms, it's like a dog's wrist bending backward more than it should and the supporting ligaments can become lengthened and stretched.  A normal wrist has straight upright legs while a hyperextended wrist is flatfooted in appearance. 

Causes of Carpal Hyperextension

1. Genetics: Some breeds are more prone to carpal hyperextension due to their genetic predisposition. Breeds like Great Danes, Doberman Pinschers, and Basset Hounds are more commonly affected.
2. Developmental Abnormality: Carpal hyperextension in young dogs is caused as a result of weakened ligaments. It is often seen in large breed puppies such as Great Danes and causes can range from inadequate nutrition to rapid growth however, sometimes no underlying cause is identified. 
3. Trauma or Injury: Accidents, falls, or repetitive stress on the front legs can lead to carpal hyperextension where the ligaments get stretched or torn and is a common cause of carpal hyperextension in dogs. 
4. Overuse: Working dogs or those involved in strenuous activities might develop this condition over time.

Greyhounds are known for their remarkable speed and agility, as well as their gentle temperament, making them a popular choice for many pet owners, especially when they take up residence on the couch! Although Greyhounds are less susceptible to developing CCL injuries or other acute orthopaedic injuries than other breeds, there is a common problem that often goes unnoticed but can cause severe lameness: the development of corns on their paw pads. This can be a painful condition that is often compared to the feeling of having a stone in your shoe while walking. Lets take a closer look at what these ‘corns' are, how to identify them, and how to treat them effectively.

Causes:
Corns in Greyhounds are hard, painful growths that typically appear on the paw pads. The exact cause of corns remains elusive, but several factors are believed to contribute:

1. Genetics: Some Greyhounds may have a genetic predisposition to developing corns, as they are more prevalent in certain bloodlines and sighthound breeds.
2. Weight Distribution: Greyhounds have slender legs and a unique weight distribution. The pressure placed on their paw pads during high-speed running can lead to the development of corns.
3. Environmental Factors: Walking on abrasive surfaces, such as concrete or gravel, can exacerbate the formation of corns over time.

Prevention: 
Maintaining the paw health of your Greyhound involves a proactive approach to prevent the development of corns. Several key preventative measures should be considered. Firstly, regular paw care is essential; frequent inspections of your Greyhound's paw pads help in the early detection of corns or any signs of damage. Secondly, proper conditioning of the paw pads is crucial, as keeping them moisturised and well-conditioned can help prevent excessive dryness, which is a contributing factor to corn formation. Additionally, weight management plays a significant role in preventing corns, as maintaining a healthy weight reduces the pressure exerted on the paw pads during physical activities. Lastly, it's advisable to choose walking surfaces carefully; whenever possible, opt for softer terrains like grass or sand, which can reduce the risk of corn development by minimising the abrasive effects on your Greyhound's paws.

 Corns can be a painful and debilitating condition for Greyhounds, causing acute lameness and distress. If you suspect your Greyhound has developed a corn, seek veterinary care promptly. By understanding the causes, recognising the symptoms, and exploring treatment options, you can help your doggo regain their agility and comfort, ensuring they continue to enjoy their active lifestyle.
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