6 contributing risk factors of Canine cruciate ligament disease

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Canine cruciate disease, also known as cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease, is a common orthopaedic condition that affects dogs. The cruciate ligament is a crucial stabilising structure within the stifle (knee) joint, and when it becomes damaged or ruptured, it leads to instability and lameness.

Incidence of CCL (ACL) tears in dogs

The exact cause of canine cruciate disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic predisposition and various risk factors. Unlike human ACL's that tend to acutely rupture,  a dogs cruciate tends to be more progressive and degenerative in nature

Here are some of the main factors  that can contribute to the development of canine cruciate disease:
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1. Breed: Certain dog breeds have a higher prevalence of cruciate disease. Large and giant breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Newfoundlands are more commonly affected. However, it can occur in any breed.
2. Age: Cruciate disease most commonly occurs in middle-aged to older dogs, typically between 4 to 7 years of age. However, it can also affect younger dogs, especially those with a genetic predisposition.
3. Weight: Excessive body weight is a significant risk factor. Overweight or obese dogs have increased stress on their joints, including the cruciate ligament, which can lead to weakening and eventual injury.

Obesity in dogs can be a risk factor in CCL disease

4.     Conformation: Certain anatomical features and conformational abnormalities can                        increase  the risk of cruciate disease. Dogs with a steep tibial plateau angle, shallow knee         joint, or other structural abnormalities  such as 'upright hind limbs' or 'bowed legs' can be            more susceptible to CCL disease. 
5.   Trauma: Acute injury or trauma to the knee joint, such as jumping, landing awkwardly, or            sudden twisting motions, can cause cruciate ligament damage. Traumatic events may                 contribute to the development of cruciate disease in some cases.
6.   Hormonal factors: There is some evidence to suggest that female dogs that have not been       spayed may have an increased risk of developing cruciate disease. The exact relationship            between hormones and ligament health is not fully understood.

​It's important to note that while these factors can increase the likelihood of developing cruciate disease, it can still occur in dogs without any apparent risk factors. If you happen to suspect that your dog may have CCL disease, please take them to your friendly vet for an accurate diagnosis.