understanding Canine elbow dysplasia: types, symptoms & treatment options

RSS Feed

Elbow dysplasia is a common orthopaedic condition that affects dogs, particularly large and giant breeds. It refers to a group of developmental abnormalities that occur in the elbow joint, leading to pain, lameness, and reduced mobility. In this blog post, we will explore the different types of canine elbow dysplasia, their symptoms, and the available treatment options.

1. Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP): UAP is the most common type of elbow dysplasia in dogs. It occurs when the anconeal process, a small bony projection in the elbow joint, fails to fuse properly with the ulna bone. Symptoms of UAP include lameness, swelling, and pain in the affected limb. Surgical intervention, such as fragment removal or joint stabilisation, is often required to alleviate discomfort and prevent further joint degeneration.
2. Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process (FCP): FCP is another type of elbow dysplasia that affects dogs, especially those in the early stages of life. It involves the fragmentation of the medial coronoid process, a small bony structure located in the elbow joint. Dogs with FCP may experience intermittent or persistent lameness, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. Surgical treatment, including fragment removal or joint realignment, is typically recommended to manage FCP and prevent long-term joint damage.
3. Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD): OCD is a developmental condition that affects the cartilage and underlying bone in the joints, including the elbow. It occurs when there is an abnormal separation of the cartilage from the underlying bone. Symptoms of OCD in the elbow joint include pain, swelling, and intermittent lameness. Depending on the severity of the condition, treatment options may include surgical removal of the affected cartilage and bone, or conservative management through medication and controlled exercise.
4. Incongruity of the Elbow Joint: Incongruity of the elbow joint refers to a mismatch between the surfaces of the humerus, radius, and ulna bones that form the elbow joint. This can lead to abnormal wear and tear, resulting in joint instability and pain. Dogs with this type of elbow dysplasia may exhibit lameness, swelling, and difficulty in performing physical activities. Treatment often involves surgical procedures aimed at realigning the joint surfaces and restoring stability.
5. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD): DJD is a progressive condition that occurs as a consequence of long-term elbow dysplasia. Over time, the abnormal joint structure and mechanics lead to cartilage erosion, inflammation, and the formation of bone spurs. Dogs with DJD may experience chronic pain, stiffness, and difficulty in moving. Treatment focuses on managing pain and inflammation through a combination of medications, physiotherapy, weight management, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.

​
Canine elbow dysplasia encompasses various conditions that can affect a dog's elbow joint, causing pain and reduced mobility. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving the quality of life for affected dogs. With the right approach, many dogs can lead happy, active lives. ​